Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Viruses , COVID-19/epidemiology , Child , China/epidemiology , Humans , Pandemics , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), countries all over the world have suffered severe losses. It affects not only human life and health but also the economy. In response to COVID-19, countries have made tremendous efforts to vaccine development. The newly discovered variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have brought major challenges to the effectiveness and research of vaccines. This article reviews the existing literature and summarizes the main variants of the SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on vaccines, and provides new ideas for the later development of vaccines. An excellent job in developing and applying vaccines will be an important measure for epidemic prevention and control.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Humans , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology , Vaccine Development , Vaccine EfficacyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To deal with COVID-19, various countries have made many efforts, including the research and development of vaccines. The purpose of this manuscript was to summarize the development, application, and problems of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: This article reviewed the existing literature to see the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: We found that different types of vaccines had their own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the side effects of the vaccine, the dose of vaccination, the evaluation of the efficacy, and the application of the vaccine were all things worth studying. CONCLUSION: The successful development of the COVID-19 vaccine concerns almost all countries and people in the world. We must do an excellent job of researching the immunogenicity and immune reactivity of the vaccines. We hope this review can help colleagues at home and abroad.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , COVID-19 Vaccines/classification , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Development/methods , HumansABSTRACT
The lungs are the most commonly affected organ by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the kidneys are also frequently affected. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause new kidney damage but also increase the difficulty of treatment and care as well as mortality for people with underlying kidney diseases. Kidney involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly manifests as kidney tubular injury. Proteinuria is the main clinical sign. To reduce patient mortality, kidney complications should be given increased attention in the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study reviews the existing literature and discusses COVID-19 infection in combination with kidney diseases in terms of kidney damage, pathogenesis, and treatment to guide clinical anti-epidemic responses.